During 1995–2001, the research thrust centered on integrated multimodal network modeling that tightly couples rail, road, and container movements, enabling analysis of hub-and-spoke networks, transfer times, and interoperability policy effects. Methodological advances included probabilistic demand forecasting via space–time multinomial probit models and the quantification of intermodal transfer penalties through stated preference data, guiding facility design and policy decisions. The emphasis on comparative performance of modes and the capacity implications of pricing and investment decisions established a practical, policy-relevant research agenda. Historical Significance: This era solidified a unified paradigm of integrated multimodal optimization, laying the groundwork for subsequent multimodal network design, demand forecasting, and policy evaluation across transport modes, with enduring influence on how researchers model cross-modal interactions and policy impacts.